Testicular Cancer

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

What is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer begins in the testicles (testes), which are part of the male reproductive system. The majority of testicular cancers develop from germ cells, the cells that produce sperm. It is one of the most treatable forms of cancer, especially when detected early.

Bladder Cancer

How common is testicular cancer in the Philippines?

Testicular cancer is relatively rare in the Philippines compared with the country’s most common cancers, but it is important because it tends to affect younger men. 

According to the IARC Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2022) Philippines fact sheet: 

  • The Philippines had an estimated 422 new cases of testicular cancer in 2022 (ranked 26th among cancers). 
  • There were an estimated 84 deaths from testicular cancer in 2022.  

Although testicular cancer can occur at any age, it is widely recognized as the most common cancer in men aged 15–35 (globally), which is why awareness and early evaluation of symptoms matter. 

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Testicular Cancer?

Not all lumps are cancerous, but any persistent symptom should be assessed by a doctor promptly.

How is Testicular Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a combination of:

  • Physical examination to check for lumps or swelling
  • Ultrasound scan of the testicles to evaluate abnormalities
  • Blood tests for tumour markers such as AFP, hCG, and LDH
  • Imaging tests (CT scans) to check if the cancer has spread

What Causes and Increases the Risk of Testicular Cancer?

The exact cause is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:

What Are the Types of Testicular Cancer?

The two main types are:

What Are the Stages of Testicular Cancer?

Stage I

Confined to the testicle

Spread to nearby lymph nodes in the abdomen

Spread to distant lymph nodes or organs such as the lungs or liver

Staging guides the choice of treatment and prognosis.

What Are the Treatments for Testicular Cancer?

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, but often includes:

Surgery

Removal of the affected testicle (radical inguinal orchiectomy) is usually the first step.

Radiotherapy

Often used for seminomas.

Surveillance

Careful monitoring may be an option in early-stage disease with low risk of recurrence.

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Philippines, our multidisciplinary team includes oncologists, urologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists, supported by oncology nurses and counsellors. Together, they provide comprehensive and personalised care for men with testicular cancer.

Dr. Angelo Miguel M. Realina
Palliative Care Specialist | Interventional Pain Management Specialist
Dr. Arthur Jason S. Go
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Beverly Ann P. Pineda
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Carlo Ruperto P. Aguilar
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Carlos Joseph T. Panaligan Jr.
Consultant Anesthesiologist
Dr. Claudine Yvette S. Gulapa
Anesthesiologist
Dr. Gonzalo C. Banuelos, Jr.
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Jason King D. Talao
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Jerickson Abbie S. Flores
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Joel R. Tayo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Jose Enrique Y. Montoya
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Karl Jeremy B. Lo
Radiation Oncologist
Dra. Kristine Anne B. Monte
Internal Medicine Specialist
Dr. Marwin M. Manalo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Misael C. Cruz
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Noel S. Chua
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Paulo S. Tioleco
Medical Oncologist
Dra. Rosalina P. Tongol
Internal Medicine

Thyroid Cancer

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

What is Thyroid Cancer?

Thyroid cancer develops in the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. The thyroid produces hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. When abnormal cells in the thyroid grow uncontrollably, they may form nodules or tumors, which can be benign or malignant. Malignant nodules are considered thyroid cancer and require further evaluation and treatment.

How common is thyroid cancer in the Philippines?

Thyroid cancer is a notable cancer burden in the Philippines and is diagnosed more often in women than men. 

According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (GLOBOCAN 2022): 

  • The Philippines had an estimated 7,771 new thyroid cancer cases in 2022, ranking 7th among all cancers (about 4.1% of all new cancer cases). 
  • There were an estimated 941 deaths from thyroid cancer in 2022 (ranked 20th among cancer deaths).  

Thyroid cancer can occur at any age, but it is commonly diagnosed in adults; reputable clinical sources note it is most common in people in their 30s through 60s and occurs more often in women. 

Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer may not cause obvious symptoms in its early stages. Some signs and symptoms include:

How is Thyroid Cancer Diagnosed?

Evaluation of suspected thyroid cancer often includes:

  • Neck examination to detect lumps or nodules
  • Ultrasound imaging to assess nodules and surrounding structures
  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy to test if a nodule is cancerous
  • Blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • CT scans or PET scans in selected cases to evaluate spread

Causes and Risk Factors of Thyroid Cancer

While the exact cause is not always clear, certain factors increase risk:

Types of Thyroid Cancer

Papillary thyroid cancer

Grow more slowly and are usually sensitive to radiation therapy

Can spread through the bloodstream to lungs or bones

Less common, can be hereditary, requires genetic testing

A rare but aggressive type that grows rapidly and is more difficult to treat

Stages of Thyroid Cancer

Staging depends on the size of the tumor, whether it has spread to nearby lymph nodes, and if it has metastasized to distant organs:

Localized disease in the thyroid

Spread to nearby lymph nodes or tissues

Spread to distant organs such as lungs or bones

Staging plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate treatment options and predicting the prognosis for bladder cancer patients. Various diagnostic tests, such as imaging, biopsies, and sometimes surgical exploration, are done to accurately determine the stage of bladder cancer in each individual case.

Thyroid Cancer Treatments

Treatment is personalised based on type, stage, and patient profile:

Surgery

The main treatment, involving partial or total thyroidectomy, sometimes with removal of nearby lymph nodes

Thyroid hormone therapy

Lifelong medication to replace hormones and suppress cancer recurrence

External beam radiation therapy

In selected advanced cases

Targeted Therapy

For advanced, recurrent, or aggressive thyroid cancers

Regular follow-up with imaging and blood tests (e.g., thyroglobulin monitoring) is essential after treatment.

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Philippines, our multidisciplinary team includes:

  • Oncologists and endocrinologists with expertise in thyroid cancers
  • Head and neck surgeons skilled in minimally invasive and complex thyroid procedures
  • Radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists
  • Oncology nurses, nutritionists, and counsellors trained in thyroid cancer care
Together, they provide a comprehensive and personalised treatment plan for every patient.
Dr. Angelo Miguel M. Realina
Palliative Care Specialist | Interventional Pain Management Specialist
Dr. Arthur Jason S. Go
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Beverly Ann P. Pineda
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Carlo Ruperto P. Aguilar
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Carlos Joseph T. Panaligan Jr.
Consultant Anesthesiologist
Dr. Claudine Yvette S. Gulapa
Anesthesiologist
Dr. Gonzalo C. Banuelos, Jr.
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Jason King D. Talao
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Jerickson Abbie S. Flores
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Joel R. Tayo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Jose Enrique Y. Montoya
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Karl Jeremy B. Lo
Radiation Oncologist
Dra. Kristine Anne B. Monte
Internal Medicine Specialist
Dr. Marwin M. Manalo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Misael C. Cruz
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Noel S. Chua
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Paulo S. Tioleco
Medical Oncologist
Dra. Rosalina P. Tongol
Internal Medicine