Multiple Myeloma (Myeloma Cancer)

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma, also known as myeloma cancer, is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells – a kind of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Healthy plasma cells help fight infections by making antibodies, but in multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells grow uncontrollably. These cancerous cells crowd out normal blood cells, produce abnormal proteins, and can damage the bones, kidneys, and immune system.

How common is multiple myeloma in the Philippines?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow. While it is less common than major cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, and liver cancer, it still affects hundreds of Filipinos each year and often requires specialized, long-term care. 

According to the IARC Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2022) Philippines fact sheet: 

  • The Philippines had an estimated 932 new cases of multiple myeloma in 2022 (ranked 21st among cancers).
  • There were an estimated 788 deaths from multiple myeloma in 2022 (also ranked 21st among cancer deaths).  

Multiple myeloma is typically diagnosed in older adults, though younger patients can also be affected. 

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Multiple Myeloma?

Early stages may not cause obvious symptoms. As the disease progresses, common signs include:
Because these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, proper diagnosis is essential.

How is Multiple Myeloma Diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves a combination of blood tests, urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging scans. These help to detect abnormal proteins (M-protein or light chains), assess kidney and bone health, and determine the extent of the disease.

What Are the Causes and Risk Factors of Multiple Myeloma?

The exact cause is unknown, but several factors increase risk:

  • Age: Most patients are over 60 years old
  • Gender: Slightly more common in men
  • Family history: Having a close relative with myeloma or other plasma cell disorders
  • Pre-existing conditions: Such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
  • Environmental factors: Exposure to radiation, certain chemicals, or toxins may play a role

What Are the Types of Multiple Myeloma?

Smouldering Myeloma

An early form with no symptoms but abnormal cells are present

Symptomatic disease that requires treatment

When the cancer returns after treatment or does not respond to standard therapies

What Are the Stages of Multiple Myeloma?

Staging is based on blood markers and the extent of organ involvement:

Stage I

Early disease with lower levels of abnormal proteins and minimal organ damage

Intermediate stage

Advanced disease, with high levels of abnormal proteins, extensive bone damage, or severe complications such as kidney failure

What are the Treatments for Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is not yet considered curable, but effective treatments can control the disease, reduce symptoms, and improve survival. Treatment is highly personalised and may include:

Targeted Therapy

Medications that attack specific proteins on myeloma cells or boost the immune system to fight cancer.

Immunotherapy

Medications that attack specific proteins on myeloma cells or boost the immune system to fight cancer.

Steroids

Often used in combination with other drugs to reduce inflammation and kill myeloma cells.

Stem Cell Transplant

For eligible patients, high-dose chemotherapy followed by a stem cell transplant can offer longer remission.

Radiotherapy

Used in specific cases to control bone pain or spinal cord compression.

Support Services

Including bone-strengthening drugs, infection prevention, and kidney protection.

With advances in therapy, many patients live significantly longer and with better quality of life.

How common is multiple myeloma in the Philippines?

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow. While it is less common than major cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, and liver cancer, it still affects hundreds of Filipinos each year and often requires specialized, long-term care. 

According to the IARC Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2022) Philippines fact sheet: 

  • The Philippines had an estimated 932 new cases of multiple myeloma in 2022 (ranked 21st among cancers).
  • There were an estimated 788 deaths from multiple myeloma in 2022 (also ranked 21st among cancer deaths).

Multiple myeloma is typically diagnosed in older adults, though younger patients can also be affected. 

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Philippines, our multidisciplinary team includes oncologists specialising in blood cancers, haematologists with expertise in bone marrow disorders and transplants, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and specialised oncology nurses. Allied health professionals such as nutritionists, physiotherapists, and counsellors also support patients through their journey. Together, we provide comprehensive and personalised care for every patient.

Dr. Angelo Miguel M. Realina
Palliative Care Specialist | Interventional Pain Management Specialist
Dr. Arthur Jason S. Go
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Beverly Ann P. Pineda
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Carlo Ruperto P. Aguilar
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Carlos Joseph T. Panaligan Jr.
Consultant Anesthesiologist
Dr. Claudine Yvette S. Gulapa
Anesthesiologist
Dr. Gonzalo C. Banuelos, Jr.
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Jason King D. Talao
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Jerickson Abbie S. Flores
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Joel R. Tayo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Jose Enrique Y. Montoya
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Karl Jeremy B. Lo
Radiation Oncologist
Dra. Kristine Anne B. Monte
Internal Medicine Specialist
Dr. Marwin M. Manalo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Misael C. Cruz
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Noel S. Chua
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Paulo S. Tioleco
Medical Oncologist
Dra. Rosalina P. Tongol
Internal Medicine