Sarcoma

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while preserving quality of life.

What is Sarcoma?

Sarcomas are a rare and diverse group of cancers that begin in bones or soft tissues such as muscles, fat, nerves, fibrous tissues, and blood vessels. They can develop in any part of the body, from the arms and legs to the chest and abdomen. Because of their complexity, sarcomas often require highly specialised diagnosis and treatment at a comprehensive cancer centre.

How common is sarcoma in the Philippines?

Sarcomas are rare cancers that start in bone or soft tissues (muscle, fat, nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissues). Because sarcomas are uncommon, Philippine data are often reported through hospital-based registries and tertiary referral centers, rather than a single nationwide registry count. 

What Philippine data shows: 

  • A tertiary hospital review at UP–Philippine General Hospital (PGH) recorded 680 cases of soft tissue tumors with intermediate malignant potential and soft tissue sarcomas from 2014–2018 (newly diagnosed cases meeting study criteria).
  • A Philippine health technology assessment document citing the CARE PH Hospital-Based Cancer Registry reported 152 soft tissue sarcoma (STS) cases in 2020, and noted STS comprised ~2% of cancers reported in that registry census year.  

Because sarcomas can be serious, early evaluation of a growing lump/mass and timely referral to appropriate specialists can help improve outcomes. 

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoma?

Sarcoma symptoms can vary depending on location and type, but common signs include:

Any persistent lump or swelling should be checked by a doctor, especially if it is growing.

How is Sarcoma Diagnosed?

A thorough diagnosis usually involves:

  • Physical examination to check swelling and mobility
  • Imaging tests such as X-ray, CT, MRI or PET scan
  • Biopsy (needle or surgical) to confirm sarcoma type
  • Molecular and genetic testing to guide targeted therapy

Because of the wide variety of sarcoma subtypes, a precise diagnosis is crucial in planning treatment.

What are the Types of Sarcoma?

Sarcomas are divided into two broad groups:
Bone Sarcomas

Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, Chondrosarcoma, Giant cell tumours

Liposarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Synovial sarcoma

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours, Kaposi sarcoma

What are the Stages of Sarcoma?

Sarcoma staging is based on tumour size, grade (how abnormal the cancer cells look), and spread:

Stage I

Localised, low-grade sarcoma

Larger or higher-grade sarcoma with greater risk of recurrence

Sarcoma has spread to distant organs such as the lungs or liver

What are Sarcoma Treatments?

Treatment depends on sarcoma type, stage, and location. Common approaches include:

Surgery

Limb-sparing surgery: Removes the tumour while preserving limb function.

Amputation: Rare, only when limb-sparing is not possible.

Reconstructive surgery: May involve grafts, prostheses, or rotationplasty to restore mobility.

Radiotherapy

Used before surgery to shrink tumours or after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.

Delivered as external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy (internal radiation).

Targeted Therapy

Targeted drugs such as imatinib (used in gastrointestinal stromal tumours, GISTs) block specific cancer growth signals.

Clinical trials continue to expand new treatment options for sarcoma.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy can stimulate the immune system to fight cancer cells.

Clinical trials continue to expand new treatment options for sarcoma.

Survival & Outcomes in Philippines

Sarcoma outcomes depend on subtype, grade, and how early treatment is started.

  • A Philippines review of osteosarcoma patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Philippines found a 5-year survival rate of 48.9%, with median survival of 47.8 months
  • In a small case series of head & neck soft tissue sarcomas, 5-year survival was 35.7%, with median overall survival of ~2 years
  • General oncology data (regional) show overall sarcoma 5-year survival at ~65%, with survival for localised disease often exceeding 80%

These numbers should be interpreted cautiously: outcomes vary widely by subtype, and modern treatments may improve survival compared to older studies.

Living with Sarcoma

Recovery and survivorship care are an important part of treatment:

  • Rehabilitation & physiotherapy help restore strength and mobility after surgery
  • Regular monitoring with scans is essential to detect recurrence early
  • Nutritional and lifestyle support can aid energy levels and healing
  • Emotional and psychological care through counselling, support groups, and psycho-oncology services provides resilience for patients and families

At OncoCare Philippines, we believe in whole-person care, walking with patients and caregivers through every step of the journey.

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Philippines, our multidisciplinary team brings together oncologists, orthopaedic surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, specialised oncology nurses, physiotherapists, and psycho-oncology counsellors. With expertise in sarcomas and rare cancers, they work closely to deliver comprehensive, personalised treatment plans for every patient.

Dr. Angelo Miguel M. Realina
Palliative Care Specialist | Interventional Pain Management Specialist
Dr. Arthur Jason S. Go
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Beverly Ann P. Pineda
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Carlo Ruperto P. Aguilar
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Carlos Joseph T. Panaligan Jr.
Consultant Anesthesiologist
Dr. Claudine Yvette S. Gulapa
Anesthesiologist
Dr. Gonzalo C. Banuelos, Jr.
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Jason King D. Talao
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Jerickson Abbie S. Flores
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Joel R. Tayo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Jose Enrique Y. Montoya
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Karl Jeremy B. Lo
Radiation Oncologist
Dra. Kristine Anne B. Monte
Internal Medicine Specialist
Dr. Marwin M. Manalo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Misael C. Cruz
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Noel S. Chua
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Paulo S. Tioleco
Medical Oncologist
Dra. Rosalina P. Tongol
Internal Medicine