Liver Cancer

Personalised treatments designed to fight cancer while minimising side effects.

What is Liver Cancer?

Liver cancer occurs when malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues of the liver. The liver is one of the body’s most vital organs, responsible for detoxifying harmful substances, producing bile for digestion, and storing nutrients. Primary liver cancer begins in the liver itself (most commonly hepatocellular carcinoma), while secondary or metastatic liver cancer originates in another part of the body and spreads to the liver.

How common is liver cancer in the Philippines?

Liver cancer is a significant health concern in the Philippines, both in how often it occurs and how often it leads to death. 

According to the IARC Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2022): 

  • Liver cancer is the 4th most common cancer overall in the Philippines, with an estimated 12,544 new cases in 2022 (about 6.6% of all new cancer cases). 
  • It is also the 3rd leading cause of cancer deaths, with an estimated 11,653 deaths in 2022. 
  • The estimated age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) is 12.4 per 100,000, and the age-standardized mortality rate is 11.6 per 100,000.  

Liver cancer is often linked to long-term liver disease. In the Philippines, chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C remain important risk factors; the World Health Organization noted that around 1 in 10 people in the Philippines have chronic hepatitis B and about 6 in 1,000 have chronic hepatitis C (as of their published commentary).  

These figures highlight the importance of prevention, early detection of chronic liver disease, and timely access to specialist care. 

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Liver Cancer?

In early stages, liver cancer may not cause symptoms. As the disease progresses, common symptoms include:

How is Liver Cancer Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

  • Blood tests such as liver function tests and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) marker
  • Imaging tests, including ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI scan
  • Liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis

What Are the Causes and Risk Factors of Liver Cancer?

Key risk factors include:

What Are the Types of Liver Cancer?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

The most common type, arising from liver cells

Originates in the bile ducts

Rare forms of liver cancer

What Are the Stages of Liver Cancer?

Liver cancer staging considers tumour size, spread within the liver, invasion into blood vessels, and spread to distant organs. Stages range from Stage I (localised) to Stage IV (advanced/metastatic).

What are Liver Cancer Treatments?

Treatment options depend on the stage of disease, liver function, and overall health. They include:

Surgery

Liver resection or transplantation in selected patients. Surgery offers the best chance of cure but is only suitable if the cancer has not spread extensively and the liver is still functioning well.

Local therapies

Radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection directly target the tumour. Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) deliver drugs or radiation directly into the liver tumour through its blood supply.

Radiotherapy

External beam radiotherapy or internal radiation may be used when surgery is not possible.

Systemic therapies

Targeted drugs such as sorafenib or lenvatinib, and newer immunotherapies. These are options when surgery or local therapies are not suitable.

Supportive care

Focused on relieving symptoms, improving nutrition, and maintaining quality of life.

Each treatment option has its own side effects. Surgery may carry risks such as bleeding and infection, while systemic therapies and chemotherapy can cause fatigue, diarrhoea, or skin reactions. Your doctor will discuss the risks and benefits of each treatment and tailor a plan to your needs.

How common is liver cancer in the Philippines?

Liver cancer is a significant health concern in the Philippines, both in how often it occurs and how often it leads to death. 

According to the IARC Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN 2022): 

  • Liver cancer is the 4th most common cancer overall in the Philippines, with an estimated 12,544 new cases in 2022 (about 6.6% of all new cancer cases).
  • It is also the 3rd leading cause of cancer deaths, with an estimated 11,653 deaths in 2022.
  • The estimated age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) is 12.4 per 100,000, and the age-standardized mortality rate is 11.6 per 100,000.  

Liver cancer is often linked to long-term liver disease. In the Philippines, chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C remain important risk factors; the World Health Organization noted that around 1 in 10 people in the Philippines have chronic hepatitis B and about 6 in 1,000 have chronic hepatitis C (as of their published commentary).  

These figures highlight the importance of prevention, early detection of chronic liver disease, and timely access to specialist care. 

Meet Our Doctors

At OncoCare Philippines, our multidisciplinary team includes oncologists specialising in gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary cancers, liver surgeons experienced in advanced and minimally invasive procedures, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, oncology nurses, dietitians, and psycho-oncology counsellors. Together, they design an individualised treatment plan for every patient.

If you have risk factors or symptoms that may suggest liver cancer, seeking early consultation with our specialists is important. Timely diagnosis offers the best chance for effective treatment and improved outcomes.

Dr. Angelo Miguel M. Realina
Palliative Care Specialist | Interventional Pain Management Specialist
Dr. Arthur Jason S. Go
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Beverly Ann P. Pineda
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Carlo Ruperto P. Aguilar
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Carlos Joseph T. Panaligan Jr.
Consultant Anesthesiologist
Dr. Claudine Yvette S. Gulapa
Anesthesiologist
Dr. Gonzalo C. Banuelos, Jr.
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Jason King D. Talao
Medical Oncologist 
Dr. Jerickson Abbie S. Flores
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Joel R. Tayo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Jose Enrique Y. Montoya
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Karl Jeremy B. Lo
Radiation Oncologist
Dra. Kristine Anne B. Monte
Internal Medicine Specialist
Dr. Marwin M. Manalo
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Misael C. Cruz
Radiation Oncologist
Dr. Noel S. Chua
Medical Oncologist
Dr. Paulo S. Tioleco
Medical Oncologist
Dra. Rosalina P. Tongol
Internal Medicine